Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans.
Identifieur interne : 003379 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 003378; suivant : 003380Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans.
Auteurs : Iosif Lazaridis [États-Unis] ; Nick Patterson [États-Unis] ; Alissa Mittnik [Allemagne] ; Gabriel Renaud [Allemagne] ; Swapan Mallick [États-Unis] ; Karola Kirsanow [Allemagne] ; Peter H. Sudmant [États-Unis] ; Joshua G. Schraiber [États-Unis] ; Sergi Castellano [Allemagne] ; Mark Lipson [États-Unis] ; Bonnie Berger [États-Unis] ; Christos Economou [Suède] ; Ruth Bollongino [Allemagne] ; Qiaomei Fu [République populaire de Chine] ; Kirsten I. Bos [Allemagne] ; Susanne Nordenfelt [États-Unis] ; Heng Li [États-Unis] ; Cesare De Filippo [Allemagne] ; Kay Prüfer [Allemagne] ; Susanna Sawyer [Allemagne] ; Cosimo Posth [Allemagne] ; Wolfgang Haak [Australie] ; Fredrik Hallgren [Suède] ; Elin Fornander [Suède] ; Nadin Rohland [États-Unis] ; Dominique Delsate [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Michael Francken [Allemagne] ; Jean-Michel Guinet [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Joachim Wahl [Allemagne] ; George Ayodo [Kenya] ; Hamza A. Babiker [Oman] ; Graciela Bailliet [Argentine] ; Elena Balanovska [Russie] ; Oleg Balanovsky [Russie] ; Ramiro Barrantes [Costa Rica] ; Gabriel Bedoya [Colombie] ; Haim Ben-Ami [Israël] ; Judit Bene [Hongrie] ; Fouad Berrada [Maroc] ; Claudio M. Bravi [Argentine] ; Francesca Brisighelli [Italie] ; George B J. Busby [Royaume-Uni] ; Francesco Cali [Italie] ; Mikhail Churnosov [Russie] ; David E C. Cole [Canada] ; Daniel Corach [Argentine] ; Larissa Damba [Russie] ; George Van Driem [Suisse] ; Stanislav Dryomov [Russie] ; Jean-Michel Dugoujon [France] ; Sardana A. Fedorova [Russie] ; Irene Gallego Romero [États-Unis] ; Marina Gubina [Russie] ; Michael Hammer [États-Unis] ; Brenna M. Henn [États-Unis] ; Tor Hervig [Norvège] ; Ugur Hodoglugil [États-Unis] ; Aashish R. Jha [États-Unis] ; Sena Karachanak-Yankova [Bulgarie] ; Rita Khusainova [Russie] ; Elza Khusnutdinova [Russie] ; Rick Kittles [États-Unis] ; Toomas Kivisild [Royaume-Uni] ; William Klitz [États-Unis] ; Vaidutis Ku Inskas [Lituanie] ; Alena Kushniarevich [Estonie] ; Leila Laredj [France] ; Sergey Litvinov [Estonie] ; Theologos Loukidis [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert W. Mahley [États-Unis] ; Béla Melegh [Hongrie] ; Ene Metspalu [Estonie] ; Julio Molina [Guatemala] ; Joanna Mountain [États-Unis] ; Klemetti N Kk L J Rvi [Finlande] ; Desislava Nesheva [Bulgarie] ; Thomas Nyambo [Tanzanie] ; Ludmila Osipova [Russie] ; Jüri Parik [Estonie] ; Fedor Platonov [Russie] ; Olga Posukh [Russie] ; Valentino Romano [Italie] ; Francisco Rothhammer [Chili] ; Igor Rudan [Royaume-Uni] ; Ruslan Ruizbakiev [Ouzbékistan] ; Hovhannes Sahakyan [Arménie] ; Antti Sajantila [États-Unis] ; Antonio Salas [Espagne] ; Elena B. Starikovskaya [Russie] ; Ayele Tarekegn [Royaume-Uni] ; Draga Toncheva [Bulgarie] ; Shahlo Turdikulova [Ouzbékistan] ; Ingrida Uktveryte [Lituanie] ; Olga Utevska [Ukraine] ; René Vasquez ; Mercedes Villena ; Mikhail Voevoda [Russie] ; Cheryl A. Winkler [États-Unis] ; Levon Yepiskoposyan [Arménie] ; Pierre Zalloua [États-Unis] ; Tatijana Zemunik [Croatie] ; Alan Cooper [Australie] ; Cristian Capelli [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark G. Thomas [Royaume-Uni] ; Andres Ruiz-Linares [Royaume-Uni] ; Sarah A. Tishkoff [États-Unis] ; Lalji Singh ; Kumarasamy Thangaraj [Inde] ; Richard Villems [Estonie] ; David Comas [Espagne] ; Rem Sukernik [Russie] ; Mait Metspalu [Estonie] ; Matthias Meyer [Allemagne] ; Evan E. Eichler [États-Unis] ; Joachim Burger [Allemagne] ; Montgomery Slatkin [États-Unis] ; Svante P Bo [Allemagne] ; Janet Kelso [Allemagne] ; David Reich [États-Unis] ; Johannes Krause [Allemagne]Source :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- ethnologie : Asie.
- génétique : Génome humain, Population d'origine européenne.
- histoire : Agriculture.
- main d’œuvre : Agriculture.
- Analyse en composantes principales, Dynamique des populations, Europe, Histoire ancienne, Humains, Population d'origine européenne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic , ethnology : Asia.
- classification : European Continental Ancestry Group.
- genetics : European Continental Ancestry Group, Genome, Human.
- history : Agriculture.
- manpower : Agriculture.
- geographic : Europe, History, Ancient, Humans, Population Dynamics, Principal Component Analysis.
Abstract
We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
DOI: 10.1038/nature13673
PubMed: 25230663
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René Vasquez<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">India (L.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans.</title><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renaud, Gabriel" sort="Renaud, Gabriel" uniqKey="Renaud G" first="Gabriel" last="Renaud">Gabriel Renaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirsanow, Karola" sort="Kirsanow, Karola" uniqKey="Kirsanow K" first="Karola" last="Kirsanow">Karola Kirsanow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sudmant, Peter H" sort="Sudmant, Peter H" uniqKey="Sudmant P" first="Peter H" last="Sudmant">Peter H. Sudmant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schraiber, Joshua G" sort="Schraiber, Joshua G" uniqKey="Schraiber J" first="Joshua G" last="Schraiber">Joshua G. Schraiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castellano, Sergi" sort="Castellano, Sergi" uniqKey="Castellano S" first="Sergi" last="Castellano">Sergi Castellano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, Bonnie" sort="Berger, Bonnie" uniqKey="Berger B" first="Bonnie" last="Berger">Bonnie Berger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Economou, Christos" sort="Economou, Christos" uniqKey="Economou C" first="Christos" last="Economou">Christos Economou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bollongino, Ruth" sort="Bollongino, Ruth" uniqKey="Bollongino R" first="Ruth" last="Bollongino">Ruth Bollongino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bos, Kirsten I" sort="Bos, Kirsten I" uniqKey="Bos K" first="Kirsten I" last="Bos">Kirsten I. Bos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordenfelt, Susanne" sort="Nordenfelt, Susanne" uniqKey="Nordenfelt S" first="Susanne" last="Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Heng" sort="Li, Heng" uniqKey="Li H" first="Heng" last="Li">Heng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Filippo, Cesare" sort="De Filippo, Cesare" uniqKey="De Filippo C" first="Cesare" last="De Filippo">Cesare De Filippo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prufer, Kay" sort="Prufer, Kay" uniqKey="Prufer K" first="Kay" last="Prüfer">Kay Prüfer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Susanna" sort="Sawyer, Susanna" uniqKey="Sawyer S" first="Susanna" last="Sawyer">Susanna Sawyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallgren, Fredrik" sort="Hallgren, Fredrik" uniqKey="Hallgren F" first="Fredrik" last="Hallgren">Fredrik Hallgren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornander, Elin" sort="Fornander, Elin" uniqKey="Fornander E" first="Elin" last="Fornander">Elin Fornander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delsate, Dominique" sort="Delsate, Dominique" uniqKey="Delsate D" first="Dominique" last="Delsate">Dominique Delsate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francken, Michael" sort="Francken, Michael" uniqKey="Francken M" first="Michael" last="Francken">Michael Francken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinet, Jean Michel" sort="Guinet, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Guinet J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Guinet">Jean-Michel Guinet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, Joachim" sort="Wahl, Joachim" uniqKey="Wahl J" first="Joachim" last="Wahl">Joachim Wahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayodo, George" sort="Ayodo, George" uniqKey="Ayodo G" first="George" last="Ayodo">George Ayodo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babiker, Hamza A" sort="Babiker, Hamza A" uniqKey="Babiker H" first="Hamza A" last="Babiker">Hamza A. Babiker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123, Oman.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailliet, Graciela" sort="Bailliet, Graciela" uniqKey="Bailliet G" first="Graciela" last="Bailliet">Graciela Bailliet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrantes, Ramiro" sort="Barrantes, Ramiro" uniqKey="Barrantes R" first="Ramiro" last="Barrantes">Ramiro Barrantes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedoya, Gabriel" sort="Bedoya, Gabriel" uniqKey="Bedoya G" first="Gabriel" last="Bedoya">Gabriel Bedoya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ami, Haim" sort="Ben Ami, Haim" uniqKey="Ben Ami H" first="Haim" last="Ben-Ami">Haim Ben-Ami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bene, Judit" sort="Bene, Judit" uniqKey="Bene J" first="Judit" last="Bene">Judit Bene</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berrada, Fouad" sort="Berrada, Fouad" uniqKey="Berrada F" first="Fouad" last="Berrada">Fouad Berrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bravi, Claudio M" sort="Bravi, Claudio M" uniqKey="Bravi C" first="Claudio M" last="Bravi">Claudio M. Bravi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busby, George B J" sort="Busby, George B J" uniqKey="Busby G" first="George B J" last="Busby">George B J. Busby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cali, Francesco" sort="Cali, Francesco" uniqKey="Cali F" first="Francesco" last="Cali">Francesco Cali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churnosov, Mikhail" sort="Churnosov, Mikhail" uniqKey="Churnosov M" first="Mikhail" last="Churnosov">Mikhail Churnosov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, David E C" sort="Cole, David E C" uniqKey="Cole D" first="David E C" last="Cole">David E C. Cole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corach, Daniel" sort="Corach, Daniel" uniqKey="Corach D" first="Daniel" last="Corach">Daniel Corach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damba, Larissa" sort="Damba, Larissa" uniqKey="Damba L" first="Larissa" last="Damba">Larissa Damba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driem, George" sort="Van Driem, George" uniqKey="Van Driem G" first="George" last="Van Driem">George Van Driem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dryomov, Stanislav" sort="Dryomov, Stanislav" uniqKey="Dryomov S" first="Stanislav" last="Dryomov">Stanislav Dryomov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" sort="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Dugoujon J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Dugoujon">Jean-Michel Dugoujon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A" last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallego Romero, Irene" sort="Gallego Romero, Irene" uniqKey="Gallego Romero I" first="Irene" last="Gallego Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubina, Marina" sort="Gubina, Marina" uniqKey="Gubina M" first="Marina" last="Gubina">Marina Gubina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael" sort="Hammer, Michael" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael" last="Hammer">Michael Hammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henn, Brenna M" sort="Henn, Brenna M" uniqKey="Henn B" first="Brenna M" last="Henn">Brenna M. Henn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hervig, Tor" sort="Hervig, Tor" uniqKey="Hervig T" first="Tor" last="Hervig">Tor Hervig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodoglugil, Ugur" sort="Hodoglugil, Ugur" uniqKey="Hodoglugil U" first="Ugur" last="Hodoglugil">Ugur Hodoglugil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R" last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" sort="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" uniqKey="Karachanak Yankova S" first="Sena" last="Karachanak-Yankova">Sena Karachanak-Yankova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza" last="Khusnutdinova">Elza Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kittles, Rick" sort="Kittles, Rick" uniqKey="Kittles R" first="Rick" last="Kittles">Rick Kittles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klitz, William" sort="Klitz, William" uniqKey="Klitz W" first="William" last="Klitz">William Klitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" sort="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" uniqKey="Ku Inskas V" first="Vaidutis" last="Ku Inskas">Vaidutis Ku Inskas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laredj, Leila" sort="Laredj, Leila" uniqKey="Laredj L" first="Leila" last="Laredj">Leila Laredj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergey" sort="Litvinov, Sergey" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergey" last="Litvinov">Sergey Litvinov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loukidis, Theologos" sort="Loukidis, Theologos" uniqKey="Loukidis T" first="Theologos" last="Loukidis">Theologos Loukidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert W" sort="Mahley, Robert W" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert W" last="Mahley">Robert W. Mahley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melegh, Bela" sort="Melegh, Bela" uniqKey="Melegh B" first="Béla" last="Melegh">Béla Melegh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, Julio" sort="Molina, Julio" uniqKey="Molina J" first="Julio" last="Molina">Julio Molina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mountain, Joanna" sort="Mountain, Joanna" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="Joanna" last="Mountain">Joanna Mountain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" sort="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" uniqKey="N Kk L J Rvi K" first="Klemetti" last="N Kk L J Rvi">Klemetti N Kk L J Rvi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nesheva, Desislava" sort="Nesheva, Desislava" uniqKey="Nesheva D" first="Desislava" last="Nesheva">Desislava Nesheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyambo, Thomas" sort="Nyambo, Thomas" uniqKey="Nyambo T" first="Thomas" last="Nyambo">Thomas Nyambo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001, Tanzania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila" sort="Osipova, Ludmila" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila" last="Osipova">Ludmila Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parik, Juri" sort="Parik, Juri" uniqKey="Parik J" first="Jüri" last="Parik">Jüri Parik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Platonov, Fedor" sort="Platonov, Fedor" uniqKey="Platonov F" first="Fedor" last="Platonov">Fedor Platonov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posukh, Olga" sort="Posukh, Olga" uniqKey="Posukh O" first="Olga" last="Posukh">Olga Posukh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romano, Valentino" sort="Romano, Valentino" uniqKey="Romano V" first="Valentino" last="Romano">Valentino Romano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothhammer, Francisco" sort="Rothhammer, Francisco" uniqKey="Rothhammer F" first="Francisco" last="Rothhammer">Francisco Rothhammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000, Chile.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" sort="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" uniqKey="Ruizbakiev R" first="Ruslan" last="Ruizbakiev">Ruslan Ruizbakiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan. [2].</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sajantila, Antti" sort="Sajantila, Antti" uniqKey="Sajantila A" first="Antti" last="Sajantila">Antti Sajantila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starikovskaya, Elena B" sort="Starikovskaya, Elena B" uniqKey="Starikovskaya E" first="Elena B" last="Starikovskaya">Elena B. Starikovskaya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, Ayele" sort="Tarekegn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekegn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekegn">Ayele Tarekegn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toncheva, Draga" sort="Toncheva, Draga" uniqKey="Toncheva D" first="Draga" last="Toncheva">Draga Toncheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uktveryte, Ingrida" sort="Uktveryte, Ingrida" uniqKey="Uktveryte I" first="Ingrida" last="Uktveryte">Ingrida Uktveryte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rene" sort="Vasquez, Rene" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="René" last="Vasquez">René Vasquez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villena, Mercedes" sort="Villena, Mercedes" uniqKey="Villena M" first="Mercedes" last="Villena">Mercedes Villena</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voevoda, Mikhail" sort="Voevoda, Mikhail" uniqKey="Voevoda M" first="Mikhail" last="Voevoda">Mikhail Voevoda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Cheryl A" sort="Winkler, Cheryl A" uniqKey="Winkler C" first="Cheryl A" last="Winkler">Cheryl A. Winkler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre" sort="Zalloua, Pierre" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre" last="Zalloua">Pierre Zalloua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G" last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Linares, Andres" sort="Ruiz Linares, Andres" uniqKey="Ruiz Linares A" first="Andres" last="Ruiz-Linares">Andres Ruiz-Linares</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah A" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah A" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah A" last="Tishkoff">Sarah A. Tishkoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Lalji" sort="Singh, Lalji" uniqKey="Singh L" first="Lalji" last="Singh">Lalji Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">India (L.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" sort="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" uniqKey="Thangaraj K" first="Kumarasamy" last="Thangaraj">Kumarasamy Thangaraj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, David" sort="Comas, David" uniqKey="Comas D" first="David" last="Comas">David Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sukernik, Rem" sort="Sukernik, Rem" uniqKey="Sukernik R" first="Rem" last="Sukernik">Rem Sukernik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichler, Evan E" sort="Eichler, Evan E" uniqKey="Eichler E" first="Evan E" last="Eichler">Evan E. Eichler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burger, Joachim" sort="Burger, Joachim" uniqKey="Burger J" first="Joachim" last="Burger">Joachim Burger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slatkin, Montgomery" sort="Slatkin, Montgomery" uniqKey="Slatkin M" first="Montgomery" last="Slatkin">Montgomery Slatkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, Svante" sort="P Bo, Svante" uniqKey="P Bo S" first="Svante" last="P Bo">Svante P Bo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25230663</idno><idno type="pmid">25230663</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature13673</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">003492</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003492</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">003379</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">003379</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans.</title><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renaud, Gabriel" sort="Renaud, Gabriel" uniqKey="Renaud G" first="Gabriel" last="Renaud">Gabriel Renaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirsanow, Karola" sort="Kirsanow, Karola" uniqKey="Kirsanow K" first="Karola" last="Kirsanow">Karola Kirsanow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sudmant, Peter H" sort="Sudmant, Peter H" uniqKey="Sudmant P" first="Peter H" last="Sudmant">Peter H. Sudmant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schraiber, Joshua G" sort="Schraiber, Joshua G" uniqKey="Schraiber J" first="Joshua G" last="Schraiber">Joshua G. Schraiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castellano, Sergi" sort="Castellano, Sergi" uniqKey="Castellano S" first="Sergi" last="Castellano">Sergi Castellano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, Bonnie" sort="Berger, Bonnie" uniqKey="Berger B" first="Bonnie" last="Berger">Bonnie Berger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Economou, Christos" sort="Economou, Christos" uniqKey="Economou C" first="Christos" last="Economou">Christos Economou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bollongino, Ruth" sort="Bollongino, Ruth" uniqKey="Bollongino R" first="Ruth" last="Bollongino">Ruth Bollongino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bos, Kirsten I" sort="Bos, Kirsten I" uniqKey="Bos K" first="Kirsten I" last="Bos">Kirsten I. Bos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordenfelt, Susanne" sort="Nordenfelt, Susanne" uniqKey="Nordenfelt S" first="Susanne" last="Nordenfelt">Susanne Nordenfelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Heng" sort="Li, Heng" uniqKey="Li H" first="Heng" last="Li">Heng Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Filippo, Cesare" sort="De Filippo, Cesare" uniqKey="De Filippo C" first="Cesare" last="De Filippo">Cesare De Filippo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prufer, Kay" sort="Prufer, Kay" uniqKey="Prufer K" first="Kay" last="Prüfer">Kay Prüfer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sawyer, Susanna" sort="Sawyer, Susanna" uniqKey="Sawyer S" first="Susanna" last="Sawyer">Susanna Sawyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallgren, Fredrik" sort="Hallgren, Fredrik" uniqKey="Hallgren F" first="Fredrik" last="Hallgren">Fredrik Hallgren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fornander, Elin" sort="Fornander, Elin" uniqKey="Fornander E" first="Elin" last="Fornander">Elin Fornander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delsate, Dominique" sort="Delsate, Dominique" uniqKey="Delsate D" first="Dominique" last="Delsate">Dominique Delsate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francken, Michael" sort="Francken, Michael" uniqKey="Francken M" first="Michael" last="Francken">Michael Francken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guinet, Jean Michel" sort="Guinet, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Guinet J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Guinet">Jean-Michel Guinet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, Joachim" sort="Wahl, Joachim" uniqKey="Wahl J" first="Joachim" last="Wahl">Joachim Wahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayodo, George" sort="Ayodo, George" uniqKey="Ayodo G" first="George" last="Ayodo">George Ayodo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100, Kenya.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babiker, Hamza A" sort="Babiker, Hamza A" uniqKey="Babiker H" first="Hamza A" last="Babiker">Hamza A. Babiker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123, Oman.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Oman</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailliet, Graciela" sort="Bailliet, Graciela" uniqKey="Bailliet G" first="Graciela" last="Bailliet">Graciela Bailliet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barrantes, Ramiro" sort="Barrantes, Ramiro" uniqKey="Barrantes R" first="Ramiro" last="Barrantes">Ramiro Barrantes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country><wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bedoya, Gabriel" sort="Bedoya, Gabriel" uniqKey="Bedoya G" first="Gabriel" last="Bedoya">Gabriel Bedoya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ami, Haim" sort="Ben Ami, Haim" uniqKey="Ben Ami H" first="Haim" last="Ben-Ami">Haim Ben-Ami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bene, Judit" sort="Bene, Judit" uniqKey="Bene J" first="Judit" last="Bene">Judit Bene</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berrada, Fouad" sort="Berrada, Fouad" uniqKey="Berrada F" first="Fouad" last="Berrada">Fouad Berrada</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bravi, Claudio M" sort="Bravi, Claudio M" uniqKey="Bravi C" first="Claudio M" last="Bravi">Claudio M. Bravi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Busby, George B J" sort="Busby, George B J" uniqKey="Busby G" first="George B J" last="Busby">George B J. Busby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cali, Francesco" sort="Cali, Francesco" uniqKey="Cali F" first="Francesco" last="Cali">Francesco Cali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Churnosov, Mikhail" sort="Churnosov, Mikhail" uniqKey="Churnosov M" first="Mikhail" last="Churnosov">Mikhail Churnosov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cole, David E C" sort="Cole, David E C" uniqKey="Cole D" first="David E C" last="Cole">David E C. Cole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corach, Daniel" sort="Corach, Daniel" uniqKey="Corach D" first="Daniel" last="Corach">Daniel Corach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Damba, Larissa" sort="Damba, Larissa" uniqKey="Damba L" first="Larissa" last="Damba">Larissa Damba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driem, George" sort="Van Driem, George" uniqKey="Van Driem G" first="George" last="Van Driem">George Van Driem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dryomov, Stanislav" sort="Dryomov, Stanislav" uniqKey="Dryomov S" first="Stanislav" last="Dryomov">Stanislav Dryomov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" sort="Dugoujon, Jean Michel" uniqKey="Dugoujon J" first="Jean-Michel" last="Dugoujon">Jean-Michel Dugoujon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana A" sort="Fedorova, Sardana A" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana A" last="Fedorova">Sardana A. Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallego Romero, Irene" sort="Gallego Romero, Irene" uniqKey="Gallego Romero I" first="Irene" last="Gallego Romero">Irene Gallego Romero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gubina, Marina" sort="Gubina, Marina" uniqKey="Gubina M" first="Marina" last="Gubina">Marina Gubina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael" sort="Hammer, Michael" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael" last="Hammer">Michael Hammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henn, Brenna M" sort="Henn, Brenna M" uniqKey="Henn B" first="Brenna M" last="Henn">Brenna M. Henn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hervig, Tor" sort="Hervig, Tor" uniqKey="Hervig T" first="Tor" last="Hervig">Tor Hervig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hodoglugil, Ugur" sort="Hodoglugil, Ugur" uniqKey="Hodoglugil U" first="Ugur" last="Hodoglugil">Ugur Hodoglugil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Aashish R" sort="Jha, Aashish R" uniqKey="Jha A" first="Aashish R" last="Jha">Aashish R. Jha</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" sort="Karachanak Yankova, Sena" uniqKey="Karachanak Yankova S" first="Sena" last="Karachanak-Yankova">Sena Karachanak-Yankova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza" last="Khusnutdinova">Elza Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kittles, Rick" sort="Kittles, Rick" uniqKey="Kittles R" first="Rick" last="Kittles">Rick Kittles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klitz, William" sort="Klitz, William" uniqKey="Klitz W" first="William" last="Klitz">William Klitz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" sort="Ku Inskas, Vaidutis" uniqKey="Ku Inskas V" first="Vaidutis" last="Ku Inskas">Vaidutis Ku Inskas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laredj, Leila" sort="Laredj, Leila" uniqKey="Laredj L" first="Leila" last="Laredj">Leila Laredj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergey" sort="Litvinov, Sergey" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergey" last="Litvinov">Sergey Litvinov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loukidis, Theologos" sort="Loukidis, Theologos" uniqKey="Loukidis T" first="Theologos" last="Loukidis">Theologos Loukidis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahley, Robert W" sort="Mahley, Robert W" uniqKey="Mahley R" first="Robert W" last="Mahley">Robert W. Mahley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melegh, Bela" sort="Melegh, Bela" uniqKey="Melegh B" first="Béla" last="Melegh">Béla Melegh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Molina, Julio" sort="Molina, Julio" uniqKey="Molina J" first="Julio" last="Molina">Julio Molina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Guatemala</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mountain, Joanna" sort="Mountain, Joanna" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="Joanna" last="Mountain">Joanna Mountain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" sort="N Kk L J Rvi, Klemetti" uniqKey="N Kk L J Rvi K" first="Klemetti" last="N Kk L J Rvi">Klemetti N Kk L J Rvi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nesheva, Desislava" sort="Nesheva, Desislava" uniqKey="Nesheva D" first="Desislava" last="Nesheva">Desislava Nesheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nyambo, Thomas" sort="Nyambo, Thomas" uniqKey="Nyambo T" first="Thomas" last="Nyambo">Thomas Nyambo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001, Tanzania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila" sort="Osipova, Ludmila" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila" last="Osipova">Ludmila Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parik, Juri" sort="Parik, Juri" uniqKey="Parik J" first="Jüri" last="Parik">Jüri Parik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Platonov, Fedor" sort="Platonov, Fedor" uniqKey="Platonov F" first="Fedor" last="Platonov">Fedor Platonov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posukh, Olga" sort="Posukh, Olga" uniqKey="Posukh O" first="Olga" last="Posukh">Olga Posukh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Romano, Valentino" sort="Romano, Valentino" uniqKey="Romano V" first="Valentino" last="Romano">Valentino Romano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rothhammer, Francisco" sort="Rothhammer, Francisco" uniqKey="Rothhammer F" first="Francisco" last="Rothhammer">Francisco Rothhammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000, Chile.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, Igor" sort="Rudan, Igor" uniqKey="Rudan I" first="Igor" last="Rudan">Igor Rudan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" sort="Ruizbakiev, Ruslan" uniqKey="Ruizbakiev R" first="Ruslan" last="Ruizbakiev">Ruslan Ruizbakiev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan. [2].</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sajantila, Antti" sort="Sajantila, Antti" uniqKey="Sajantila A" first="Antti" last="Sajantila">Antti Sajantila</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Starikovskaya, Elena B" sort="Starikovskaya, Elena B" uniqKey="Starikovskaya E" first="Elena B" last="Starikovskaya">Elena B. Starikovskaya</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, Ayele" sort="Tarekegn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekegn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekegn">Ayele Tarekegn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toncheva, Draga" sort="Toncheva, Draga" uniqKey="Toncheva D" first="Draga" last="Toncheva">Draga Toncheva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uktveryte, Ingrida" sort="Uktveryte, Ingrida" uniqKey="Uktveryte I" first="Ingrida" last="Uktveryte">Ingrida Uktveryte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Lituanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasquez, Rene" sort="Vasquez, Rene" uniqKey="Vasquez R" first="René" last="Vasquez">René Vasquez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villena, Mercedes" sort="Villena, Mercedes" uniqKey="Villena M" first="Mercedes" last="Villena">Mercedes Villena</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bolivia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Voevoda, Mikhail" sort="Voevoda, Mikhail" uniqKey="Voevoda M" first="Mikhail" last="Voevoda">Mikhail Voevoda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, Cheryl A" sort="Winkler, Cheryl A" uniqKey="Winkler C" first="Cheryl A" last="Winkler">Cheryl A. Winkler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zalloua, Pierre" sort="Zalloua, Pierre" uniqKey="Zalloua P" first="Pierre" last="Zalloua">Pierre Zalloua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zemunik, Tatijana" sort="Zemunik, Tatijana" uniqKey="Zemunik T" first="Tatijana" last="Zemunik">Tatijana Zemunik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G" last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Linares, Andres" sort="Ruiz Linares, Andres" uniqKey="Ruiz Linares A" first="Andres" last="Ruiz-Linares">Andres Ruiz-Linares</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah A" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah A" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah A" last="Tishkoff">Sarah A. Tishkoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Lalji" sort="Singh, Lalji" uniqKey="Singh L" first="Lalji" last="Singh">Lalji Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>1] CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">India (L.S.).</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" sort="Thangaraj, Kumarasamy" uniqKey="Thangaraj K" first="Kumarasamy" last="Thangaraj">Kumarasamy Thangaraj</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Comas, David" sort="Comas, David" uniqKey="Comas D" first="David" last="Comas">David Comas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sukernik, Rem" sort="Sukernik, Rem" uniqKey="Sukernik R" first="Rem" last="Sukernik">Rem Sukernik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichler, Evan E" sort="Eichler, Evan E" uniqKey="Eichler E" first="Evan E" last="Eichler">Evan E. Eichler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burger, Joachim" sort="Burger, Joachim" uniqKey="Burger J" first="Joachim" last="Burger">Joachim Burger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slatkin, Montgomery" sort="Slatkin, Montgomery" uniqKey="Slatkin M" first="Montgomery" last="Slatkin">Montgomery Slatkin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, Svante" sort="P Bo, Svante" uniqKey="P Bo S" first="Svante" last="P Bo">Svante P Bo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture (history)</term><term>Agriculture (manpower)</term><term>Asia (ethnology)</term><term>Europe</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (classification)</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term><term>Genome, Human (genetics)</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Population Dynamics</term><term>Principal Component Analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture (histoire)</term><term>Agriculture (main d’œuvre)</term><term>Analyse en composantes principales</term><term>Asie (ethnologie)</term><term>Dynamique des populations</term><term>Europe</term><term>Génome humain (génétique)</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Humains</term><term>Population d'origine européenne ()</term><term>Population d'origine européenne (génétique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Asia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Asie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Genome, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génome humain</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="histoire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="main d’œuvre" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="manpower" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Europe</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Population Dynamics</term><term>Principal Component Analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse en composantes principales</term><term>Dynamique des populations</term><term>Europe</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Humains</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25230663</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1476-4687</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>513</Volume><Issue>7518</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>18</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nature</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>409-13</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/nature13673</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians, who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had ∼44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lazaridis</LastName><ForeName>Iosif</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Patterson</LastName><ForeName>Nick</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mittnik</LastName><ForeName>Alissa</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Renaud</LastName><ForeName>Gabriel</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mallick</LastName><ForeName>Swapan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kirsanow</LastName><ForeName>Karola</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sudmant</LastName><ForeName>Peter H</ForeName><Initials>PH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schraiber</LastName><ForeName>Joshua G</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Castellano</LastName><ForeName>Sergi</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lipson</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berger</LastName><ForeName>Bonnie</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Economou</LastName><ForeName>Christos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bollongino</LastName><ForeName>Ruth</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fu</LastName><ForeName>Qiaomei</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany. [3] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bos</LastName><ForeName>Kirsten I</ForeName><Initials>KI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nordenfelt</LastName><ForeName>Susanne</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Heng</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Filippo</LastName><ForeName>Cesare</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Prüfer</LastName><ForeName>Kay</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sawyer</LastName><ForeName>Susanna</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Posth</LastName><ForeName>Cosimo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haak</LastName><ForeName>Wolfgang</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hallgren</LastName><ForeName>Fredrik</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fornander</LastName><ForeName>Elin</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rohland</LastName><ForeName>Nadin</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delsate</LastName><ForeName>Dominique</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg. [2] National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Francken</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen D-72070, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guinet</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Michel</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wahl</LastName><ForeName>Joachim</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz D-78467, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ayodo</LastName><ForeName>George</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu 40100, Kenya.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Babiker</LastName><ForeName>Hamza A</ForeName><Initials>HA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. [2] Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat 123, Oman.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bailliet</LastName><ForeName>Graciela</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balanovska</LastName><ForeName>Elena</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balanovsky</LastName><ForeName>Oleg</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia. [2] Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow 119991, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barrantes</LastName><ForeName>Ramiro</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 2060, Costa Rica.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bedoya</LastName><ForeName>Gabriel</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben-Ami</LastName><ForeName>Haim</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 31096, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bene</LastName><ForeName>Judit</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berrada</LastName><ForeName>Fouad</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane 53000, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bravi</LastName><ForeName>Claudio M</ForeName><Initials>CM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET &CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brisighelli</LastName><ForeName>Francesca</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Busby</LastName><ForeName>George B J</ForeName><Initials>GB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cali</LastName><ForeName>Francesco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina 94018, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Churnosov</LastName><ForeName>Mikhail</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Belgorod State University, Belgorod 308015, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cole</LastName><ForeName>David E C</ForeName><Initials>DE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corach</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Damba</LastName><ForeName>Larissa</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Driem</LastName><ForeName>George</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dryomov</LastName><ForeName>Stanislav</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dugoujon</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Michel</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse 31000, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fedorova</LastName><ForeName>Sardana A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>North-Eastern Federal University and Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk 677013, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gallego Romero</LastName><ForeName>Irene</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gubina</LastName><ForeName>Marina</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hammer</LastName><ForeName>Michael</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Henn</LastName><ForeName>Brenna M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hervig</LastName><ForeName>Tor</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hodoglugil</LastName><ForeName>Ugur</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>NextBio, Illumina, Santa Clara, California 95050, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jha</LastName><ForeName>Aashish R</ForeName><Initials>AR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karachanak-Yankova</LastName><ForeName>Sena</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khusainova</LastName><ForeName>Rita</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khusnutdinova</LastName><ForeName>Elza</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kittles</LastName><ForeName>Rick</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kivisild</LastName><ForeName>Toomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klitz</LastName><ForeName>William</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kučinskas</LastName><ForeName>Vaidutis</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kushniarevich</LastName><ForeName>Alena</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Laredj</LastName><ForeName>Leila</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Litvinov</LastName><ForeName>Sergey</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia. [2] Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450074, Russia. [3] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loukidis</LastName><ForeName>Theologos</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mahley</LastName><ForeName>Robert W</ForeName><Initials>RW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melegh</LastName><ForeName>Béla</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Metspalu</LastName><ForeName>Ene</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Molina</LastName><ForeName>Julio</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mountain</LastName><ForeName>Joanna</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Department, 23andMe, Mountain View, California 94043, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Näkkäläjärvi</LastName><ForeName>Klemetti</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nesheva</LastName><ForeName>Desislava</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nyambo</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam 65001, Tanzania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Osipova</LastName><ForeName>Ludmila</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parik</LastName><ForeName>Jüri</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Platonov</LastName><ForeName>Fedor</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk 677000, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Posukh</LastName><ForeName>Olga</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Romano</LastName><ForeName>Valentino</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rothhammer</LastName><ForeName>Francisco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile. [2] Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile. [3] Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica 1000000, Chile.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rudan</LastName><ForeName>Igor</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruizbakiev</LastName><ForeName>Ruslan</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent 70000, Uzbekistan. [2].</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sahakyan</LastName><ForeName>Hovhannes</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sajantila</LastName><ForeName>Antti</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [2] Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salas</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia 15872, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Starikovskaya</LastName><ForeName>Elena B</ForeName><Initials>EB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tarekegn</LastName><ForeName>Ayele</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Toncheva</LastName><ForeName>Draga</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turdikulova</LastName><ForeName>Shahlo</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uktveryte</LastName><ForeName>Ingrida</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-08661, Lithuania.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Utevska</LastName><ForeName>Olga</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics and Cytology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vasquez</LastName><ForeName>René</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Villena</LastName><ForeName>Mercedes</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, 591 2 La Paz, Bolivia. [2] UniversidadAutonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Voevoda</LastName><ForeName>Mikhail</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [2] Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk 630089, Russia. [3] Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Winkler</LastName><ForeName>Cheryl A</ForeName><Initials>CA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, NIH, Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yepiskoposyan</LastName><ForeName>Levon</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zalloua</LastName><ForeName>Pierre</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon. [2] Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zemunik</LastName><ForeName>Tatijana</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cooper</LastName><ForeName>Alan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA and Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Capelli</LastName><ForeName>Cristian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thomas</LastName><ForeName>Mark G</ForeName><Initials>MG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruiz-Linares</LastName><ForeName>Andres</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tishkoff</LastName><ForeName>Sarah A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singh</LastName><ForeName>Lalji</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India. [2] Amgen, 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece (T.L.); Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India (L.S.).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thangaraj</LastName><ForeName>Kumarasamy</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Villems</LastName><ForeName>Richard</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia. [2] Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. [3] Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn 10130, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Comas</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sukernik</LastName><ForeName>Rem</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Metspalu</LastName><ForeName>Mait</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meyer</LastName><ForeName>Matthias</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eichler</LastName><ForeName>Evan E</ForeName><Initials>EE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burger</LastName><ForeName>Joachim</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Slatkin</LastName><ForeName>Montgomery</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pääbo</LastName><ForeName>Svante</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kelso</LastName><ForeName>Janet</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reich</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krause</LastName><ForeName>Johannes</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1] Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany. [2] Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. [3] Max Planck Institut für Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften, Jena 07745, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>HHSN26120080001E</GrantID><Agency>PHS HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>8DP1ES022577-04</GrantID><Acronym>DP</Acronym><Agency>NCCDPHP CDC HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 GM100233</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 GM040282</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 HG006399</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>HG002385</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><Agency>Intramural NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>HG004120</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>GM100233</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><Agency>Howard Hughes Medical Institute</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 HG002385</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>GM40282</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P01 HG004120</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>DP1 ES022577</GrantID><Acronym>ES</Acronym><Agency>NIEHS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016456">Historical Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052060">Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nature</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0410462</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0028-0836</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2014 Jan 2;505(7481):43-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">24352235</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 16;110(29):11791-6</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23733930</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections 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